[Süß06]

Jörn Guy Süß. Sugar for OCL. November 2006.
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Examples of OCL use often do not exceed a few lines. Larger examples are rare, because the concrete syntax of OCL is verbose and based exclusively on ASCII encoding. This makes it easy to edit OCL in any environment, but hard to layout in a readable manner. A minor issue like presentation affects use in a major way. This paper proposes three shorthand notations, or syntactic sugars, for laying out OCL in the Latex, HTML, and Unicode encoding systems. To avoid splitting the available OCL source code base any further, flavours are convertible via the base syntax. To allow benefit across the community, the representations are OCL version-independent. To support recognisability, the representations are visually very similar. To simplify reuse, definitions are based on POSIX regular expressions and Unicode.

Keywords: OCL, Syntax, Sugar, Unicode, Glyph, Regular Expression

[SMK⁺06]

Jörn Guy Süß, Tim McComb, Soon-Kyeong Kim, Luke Wildman, and Geoffrey Watson. MDA-based Re-Engineering with Object-Z. In MoDELS 2006, number 4199 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, 2006.
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This paper describes a practical application of MDA and reverse engineering based on a domain-specific modelling language. A well defined metamodel of a domain-specific language is useful for verification and validation of associated tools. We apply this approach to SIFA, a security analysis tool. SIFA has evolved as requirements have changed, and it has no metamodel. Hence, testing SIFA's correctness is difficult. We introduce a formal metamodelling approach to develop a well-defined metamodel of the domain. Initially, we develop a domain model in EMF by reverse engineering the SIFA implementation. Then we transform EMF to Object-Z using model transformation. Finally, we complete the Object-Z model by specifying system behavior. The outcome is a well-defined metamodel that precisely describes the domain and the security properties that it analyses. It also provides a reliable basis for testing the current SIFA implementation and forward engineering its successor.

Keywords: MDA, EMF, Reverse Engineering, Object-Z, Security, SIFA

[LS05]

Andreas Leicher and Jörn Guy Süß. Augmenting UML Models for Composition Conflict Analysis. In Maura Cerioli, editor, Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE), volume 3442 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 127-140. Springer, October 2005. Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 8th International Conference, FASE 2005, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2005, Edinburgh, UK, April 4-8, 2005, Proceedings.
[ bib | .pdf ]

Component reuse is inhibited by two factors: Lack of an adequate modeling representation of components and lack of a method to predict properties of a composition of application components. In this paper, we propose a framework for conflict identification. The framework is primarily based on a taxonomy describing communication and technology related properties. Conflict identification is based on inference rules. Furthermore, we aim to integrate conflict reasoning in the software development process. We will show that the Unified Modeling Language and the Resource Description Framework can be combined to provide a solution to the representation problems, without resorting to extension mechanisms, and without limiting to a specific component platform. As a real life example, we model the connection of an .Net Serviced Component to an Enterprise Java Bean as part of a mortgage bank’s enterprise architecture and prove its viability.

[LBS05]

Andreas Leicher, Susanne Busse, and Jörn Guy Süß. Analysis of Compositional Conflicts in Component-Based Systems. In Thomas Gschwind, Uwe Aßmann, and Oscar Nierstrasz, editors, Software Composition Workshop 2005 (SC 2005), volume 3628 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 67-82. Springer, 2005. Software Composition, 4th International Workshop, SC 2005, Edinburgh, UK, April 9, 2005, Revised Selected Papers.
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Today, incompatibilities in component specifications make their composition hard to handle in practical terms. Incompatibilities can be classified into three conflict categories: type conflicts, behavioral conflicts, and property conflicts. This paper describes a framework for the identification of compositional conflicts in component-based systems that analyses conflicts of all three categories. Furthermore, the conflict analysis framework can be integrated into the software development process and handles component transformations between different abstraction levels.

[DSB⁺05]

Stefan Decker, Michael Sintek, Andreas Billig, Nicola Henze, Peter Dolog, Wolfgang Nejdl, Andreas Hartz, Andreas Leicher, Susanne Busse, Jörn Guy Süß, Zoltan Miklos, Jose-Luis Ambite, Matthew Weathers, Gustaf Neumann, and Uwe Zdun. TRIPLE - an RDF Rule Language with Context and Use Cases, 2005. W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for Interoperability, 27-28 April 2005, Washington, DC, USA.
[ bib | http | .pdf ]

TRIPLE was designed as a practical rule language for data manipulation applications. Over the last couple of years the language has been deployed in various applications and use case studies. In this paper we first introduce the design principles of TRIPLE and then present some of the applications for which this language has been used.

[SL04]

Jörn Guy Süß and Andreas Leicher. Augmenting Domain Specific UML Models with RDF. In Martin Gogolla, Paul Sammut, and Jon Whittle, editors, WiSME,UML 2004 - 3rd Workshop in Software Model Engineering, October 2004.
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Models are created and maintained in the context of their problem domain. Inclusion of domain rules and background knowledge by means of profiles can be complicated and demanding. This paper presents an alternative approach based on the Resource Description Framework, which attaches background knowledge and rules as present in ontologies at the fringes of the model, rather than to include them within the profile. Thus, logical reasoning and queries are possible in the context of ontologies by importing background knowledge from different sources into RDF.Further, the paper discusses representation of complete UML and MOF models using RDF Schema.

[Süß04c]

Jörn Guy Süß. Flavors of Model Transformation. Presentation, Seminar, Distributed Systems Research Group, Charles University, Prague, February 2004.
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Once software engineering practice is based on object-oriented models rather than code, algorithmic manipulation of models takes center-stage. This talk shortly introduces the current state of the OMG's Query, Views and Transformations effort and then presents two approaches developed at CIS, based on OCL and RDF, respectively.

Keywords: UML, MOF, transformation, QVT, OCL, RDF

[Süß04b]

Jörn Guy Süß. EVE: Blueprinting With UML. Presentation, Seminar, Distributed Systems Research Group, Charles , Prague, February 2004.
[ bib | www: | .pdf ]

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is regularly applied as to sketch designs, but less frequently to earnestly plan them as blueprints along the lines of engineering practice. One main cause for this is a lack of availability of engineering tools to work on models. Because tools fitting most requirements are available separately, the missing aspect is integration and collaboration. This talk presents the Evolution and Validation Environment (EVE), which provides model-oriented tools as services in a distributed environment and thus facilitates a light-weight form of Model-Driven Architecture.

Keywords: UML, MOF, service, distribution, Jini, WebService

[SLC04]

Jörn Guy Süß, Andreas Leicher, and Fadi Chabarek. Software Model Engineering and Reuse with the Evolution and Validation Environment. In Nicolas Guelfi, Egidio Astesiano, and Gianna Reggio, editors, Scientific Engineering of Distributed Java Applications, Third International Workshop, FIDJI 2003, Luxenbourg-Kirchberg, Luxenbourg, November 27-28, 2003, Revised Papers, volume 2952 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 96-105. Springer, 2004.
[ bib | .pdf ]

Reuse in software construction has been a core aspect of software engineering since the term was coined in late 70s [2]. Strategies for reuse like high level languages, structuring and encapsulation have made valuable contributions. Today, the software industry produces components as reusable parts, which deliver advantages like faster time-to-market, cost reduction, better maintainability, configurability etc. While the reuse of code and components improves, one important contributing factor of the engineering process remains out of scope: Although design reuse is more effective and beneficial than code reuse [1] models of software systems still are not assets of the software process. As a result design reuse does not impact the actual software engineering process. The impediments and successes of bringing models to the heart of the software process are reflected in the history of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). We will retell this story below to pick up the motivation for our own project, the Evolution and Validation Environment (EVE), which has the potential to globally reuse and share know-how expressed in models and model services, independent of and complementary to existing modeling tools. We give an overview of EVEs architecture and present an example of its application. Finally, we delve into the details of an EVE core component, the OCL profile validator service (MOCL), which is used to check UML models for compliance with profiles.

[BBLS04]

Andreas Billig, Susanne Busse, Andreas Leicher, and Jörn Guy Süß. Platform Independent Model Transformation Based on Triple. In Hans-Arno Jacobsen, editor, Middleware 2004, ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Middleware Conference, Toronto, Canada, October 18-20, 2004, Proceedings, volume 3231 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 493-512. Springer, 2004.
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Reuse is an important topic in software engineering as it promises advantages like faster time-to-market and cost reduction. Reuse of models on an abstract level is more beneficial than on the code level, because these models can be mapped into several technologies and can be adapted according to different requirements. Unfortunately, development tools only provide fixed mappings between abstract models described in a language such as UML and source code for a particular technology. These mappings are based on one-to-one relationships between elements of both levels. As a consequence, it is rarely possible to customize mappings according to specific user requirements. We aim to improve model reuse by providing a framework that generates customized mappings according to specified requirements. The framework is able to handle mappings aimed for several component technologies as it is based on an ADL. It is realized in Triple to represent components on different levels of abstraction and to perform the actual transformation. It uses feature models to describe mapping alternatives.

[Süß04a]

Jörn Guy Süß. A Standards-based UML-profile for message-based information dissemination. In Doctoral Symposium -7th International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), 2004.
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Integration of information systems using message queues and XML-Documents is attractive, because it is comparatively simple to establish and reliable in operation. Combined with transformation it has even been called the preferred EAI engine[Linthicum99]. Resulting projects however are difficult to manage, because requirements are hard to traced over a large number of components. This thesis started from the idea to bring the integrative power of a UML model to bear in a Profile and Method for modelling this domain, while exclusively relying on means defined in the UML standard itself. Involuntarily, this led to a practical verification of the claim that OCL and the UML metamodel had sufficient expressive power to tailor the language to a modelling domain other than object-oriented modelling. In this sense, this thesis contributed to the debate about the application of UML a well-founded analysis of the capabilities, deficiencies and implications of the language when it is applied as a drawing board to design systems, while adhering to the UML's specification as closely as possible. The quintessence is that while the mechanisms have been proposed about seven years ago, up to the present date neither the necessary tools, nor complete examples have been available. As these were provided as a side-effect of the thesis, it also yielded a practical contribution to the community.

[SLB04]

Jörn Guy Süß, Andreas Leicher, and Susanne Busse. OCLPrime - Environment and Language for Model Query, Views and Transformations. In Workshop, OCL 2.0 - Industry standard or scientific playground?, UML 2003- The Unified Modeling Language: Modeling Languages and Applications, 6th International Conference, to appear, volume 102, pages 133-153, 2004.
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UML, MOF, and MDA currently do not provide a standardized means to describe manipulation of model-elements in algorithms or rules. In order to define specific UML-based methods in a product-independent and portable way, this capability is essential. This paper discusses design and implementation of the hybrid language framework Prime and its derivative language OCLPrime in the light of the OMG Query / Views / Transformations RFP. Prime allows and coordinates the reuse of different languages for validation, selection, and projection in the Transformation of models. Its design follows the Composite, Visitor, and Interpreter patterns and coordinates the sub-languages in transactions. OCLPrime is a reference language implementation in Prime employing OCL expressions to select parts of a source model and SQL DML to project these into a target model. Pre- and Post-validations are performed by a UML Profile Validator.

[SL03]

Jörn Guy Süß and Andreas Leicher. Software Model Engineering and Reuse with the Evolution and Validation Environment. THE EASST NEWSLETTER, 6:7-26, June 2003.
[ bib | .pdf | .pdf ]

Reuse is an important aspect of software engineering that promises advantages like faster time-to-market, cost reduction, better maintainability etc. The software industry focuses on components and commercials of-the-shelf in order to gain reusable assets. However, reuse on the design level is normally not addressed. If we come to perceive models as assets of the software process, then the design moves from the periphery of software engineering to the center. This implies several advantages, like an improved systems’s overview and insight, because of greater abstraction and easier comprehension of the design concepts. This paper proposes the concept of software model engineering, which pursues model reuse and service separation in order to shift the focus of system development to the design level. Models expressed in an open available format - independent of a particular modelling tool - facilitate the exchange and reuse of models. As a result, the user community grows and the quality of model artifacts improves, because of frequent use, correction and peer review. Modelling tools primarily provide a work-place for the definition of models including proprietary services like code generation. The separation of services and modelling tools enables independent reuse of services. Consequently, the efficiency of the modelling process increases as services become globally shared assets. This paper show how these ideas are reflected in the design and functionality of the Evolution and Validation Environment EVE. EVE provides an interoperability platform for model exchange. It consists solely of components which adhere to open specifications, such as XMI, UML, and OCL. EVE is designed as a loosely coupled system, which allows users to executed services locally or transparently over the network by combining services in arbitrary ways.

[SLWK03]

Jörn Guy Süß, Andreas Leicher, Herbert Weber, and Ralf-D. Kutsche. Model-centric Engineering with the Evolution and Validation Environment. In Perdita Stevens, Jon Whittle, and Grady Booch, editors, UML 2003 - The Unified Modeling Language, Modeling Languages and Applications, 6th International Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, October 20-24, 2003, Proceedings, volume 2863 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 31 - 43. Springer, 2003.
[ bib | .pdf ]

Reuse is an important aspect of software engineering that promises advantages like faster time-to-market, cost reduction, better maintainability etc. The software industry focuses on components as commercials off-the-shelf in order to gain reusable assets. However, reuse on the design level usually is not addressed. If we come to perceive models as assets of the software process, then the design moves from the periphery of software engineering to the center. This implies several advantages, like an improved system''s overview and insight, because of greater abstraction and easier comprehension of the design concepts. Current modeling tools primarily provide a confined work-place for the definition of models including proprietary services like code generation. This paper proposes separation of services and modeling tools to enable independent reuse of services. Thereby the efficiency of the modeling process increases as services become globally shared assets. Also the models, which are expressed in an open available format - independent of a particular modeling tool - facilitate exchange and reuse. As a result, a user community grows and the quality of model artifacts improves because of frequent use, correction and peer review. This paper describes how these ideas are reflected in the design and functionality of the Evolution and Validation Environment EVE. EVE provides an interoperability platform for model exchange. It consists solely of components which adhere to open specifications, such as XMI, UML, and OCL. EVE is designed as a loosely coupled system, which allows users to execute and combine services locally or over the Internet in arbitrary ways.

[Süß00]

Jörn Guy Süß. An Architecture Proposal for Enterprise Message Brokers Using Messages to link components and hosts. Presentation, Middleware-Workshop, DaimlerChrysler Forschungszentrum, ULM, December 2000.
[ bib | www: | .pdf ]

In large enterprises, asynchronous communication and messaging are gaining importance as integration solutions between applications. The concept of a message broker has been proposed as a universal mediator at the center of business. This paper gives a distinct definition of a message broker by enumerating enterprise critical criteria and describes a reference architecture to meet these criteria. To arrive at the relevant criteria, the message broker is positioned with respect to other middleware solutions like CORBA and MOM/DAD, and limitations and advantages are pointed out. From this comparison the catalogue of critical criteria is deduced and examples are given of how commercial broker products fulfill or fail these criteria. Finally, a reference architecture based on Java, XML and XSL(T) is described that meets the criteria with respect to configuration, execution and extensibility.

[SM00]

Jörn Guy Süß and Michael Mewes. An Architectural Proposal for Enterprise Message Brokers. In W. Emmerich and S. Tai, editors, Engineering Distributed Objects (EDO 2000), volume 1999 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg, November 2000. Springer.
[ bib | http | .pdf ]

In large enterprises, asynchronous communication and messaging are gaining importance as integration solutions between applications. The concept of a message broker has been proposed as a universal mediator at the center of business. This paper gives a distinct definition of a message broker by enumer-ating enterprise critical criteria and describes a reference architecture to meet these criteria. To arrive at the relevant criteria, the message broker is positioned with respect to other middleware solutions like CORBA and MOM/DAD, and limitations and advantages are pointed out. From this comparison the catalogue of critical criteria is deduced and examples are given of how commercial broker products fulfill or fail these criteria. Finally, a reference architecture based on Java, XML and XSL(T) is described that meets the criteria with respect to con-figuration, execution and extensibility.

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